Did the disciples of Christ in the Bible (New Testament)
meet on the Sabbath after His resurrection?

Our Seventh-day friends would have us to believe that Christians in New Testament days met on the Sabbath for worship. They sight passages in the book of Acts that refer to the Sabbath or to a synagogue. Let's examine those passages to see if we find an example of disciples worshipping on the Sabbath day.

Reference

Events

Evidence of disciples meeting on Sabbath?

Acts 9:20-22

Saul begins preaching in the synagogue that Jesus is the Son of God. Saul was confounding the Jews "proving this Jesus is the Christ."

No. He was having to prove to those assembled that Jesus is the Son of God.

Acts 13:14-43

Paul and Barnabas go to the synagogue and are asked to speak. They preach about Jesus and tell those listening "Therefore let it be known to you, brethren, that through this Man is preached to you the forgiveness of sins; and by Him everyone who believes is justified from all things from which you could not be justified by the law of Moses." Verses 38,39

No. Those who met with Paul and Barnabas were Jews in need of forgiveness of sins (38) and who needed to believe in Jesus (39). This was not a meeting of Christians on Sabbath.

Acts 13:44-50

Paul and Barnabas meet again with a larger crowd. The Jews are jealous and stir up trouble for them. They said the Jews counted themselves "unworthy of everlasting life." The Gentiles listened to the gospel and believed. Paul and Barnabas were expelled from the area.

No. This was a meeting of unbelievers until Paul’s preaching convinced them.

Acts 14:1

Paul and Barnabas went to the "synagogue of the Jews" and spoke. A great many of the Jews and Gentiles believed.

No. This was a meeting of unbelievers in the "synagogue of the Jews."

Acts 16:13-15

Paul and company go to the riverside where women were meeting to pray. Lydia and her household believed and were baptized.

No. Lydia and these others were not Christians.

Acts 17:1-3

Paul went to the "synagogue of the Jews" and reasoned with them 3 Sabbaths. Paul was busy demonstrating "This Jesus whom I preach to you is the Christ." Some believed.

NOTE: It says it was Paul’s custom to do this. What was his custom? To go to the "synagogue of the Jews" and reason with them to make them believers. If this proves Paul kept the Sabbath it also proves that Paul’s understanding of how to keep the Sabbath was to keep it with unbelieving Jews.

No. These were not disciples but unbelieving Jews.

 

Acts 17:10-12

Paul went to Berea to the "synagogue of the Jews." They listened carefully checking what Paul said against the scriptures. Many of them believed.

No. This was an assembly of Jews who did not believe until after Paul taught them.

Acts 17:16-17

Paul was troubled because the city of Athens was "given over to idols." Paul goes to the synagogue and the marketplace and reasons with them.

No. This was an assembly of unbelieving, possibly idol-worshipping Jews.

Acts 18:4

Paul reasons with the Jews and Greeks in the synagogue on the several Sabbaths. He persuaded both.

No. Paul’s effort was to persuade unbelieving Jews to come to Christ.

Acts 18:7-8

Paul teaches in the house next door to the synagogue. Crispus, the ruler of the synagogue, and many of the Corinthians heard, believed and were baptized. This went on for 1½ years.

NOTE: In verses 12-17 the Jews complain to Gallio about Paul. Gallio doesn’t want to hear them and the Greeks beat Sosthenes "the ruler of the synagogue." Obviously Crispus is not ruler of the synagogue because he is a Christian and was replaced.

No. Paul met to teach unbelieving Jews until they would hear no more.

Acts 18:18-19

Paul leaves his friends and enters the synagogue and reasons with the Jews.

No. Just like all the verses before he is reasoning with Jews to teach them about Jesus. If he was keeping the Sabbath, why didn’t his friends keep it too?

Acts 18:26-28

Apollos preaches in the synagogue but teaches error regarding the baptism of John. Aquila and Priscilla, teach Apollos the word more accurately. Apollos "vigorously refutes the Jews."

No. Apollos is at the synagogue teaching unbelieving Jews the truth about Jesus.

Acts 19:8-9

Paul reasons in the synagogue for 3 months about the kingdom of God. When some of the Jews didn’t believe and begin to speak evil of the Way, Paul withdraws himself and the disciples to the school of Tyrannus.

NOTE: This passage is the only passage that mentions disciples and possibly places them in the synagogue for worship. Even here there is no reason to understand that their meeting would have been on the Sabbath. Synagogues were open daily.

No. Paul was persuading unbelieving Jews. There were those who were disciples but there is no indication when they met together for worship. There is no mention of the Sabbath.
These are all the passages that we can find in Acts that have to do with meeting in the synagogue or on the Sabbath day. Not one of them can even be stretched to suggest that the disciples of Christ were meeting on the Sabbath day.
Paul was going into the "synagogue of the Jews" to find unbelieving Jews to teach. Some accepted his teaching, others rejected the words of God. It is obvious from the passages above that Paul’s custom was to try and locate good and honest hearts who would believe among those still meeting in synagogues and on the Sabbath. In no way should this be construed that Paul was keeping the Sabbath with disciples of Jesus. The evidence is not in these verses.
There are only two passages where we know for certain what day the disciples were meeting. That is the first day of the week.
Acts 2:1 teaches us that the apostles of the Lord "were all with one accord in one place" on Pentecost. This meeting was on the first day of the week. Peter says "it is only the third hour of the day." Acts 2:15. That would have been around 9 a.m. So the apostles were having their worship on the first day of the week in the morning.
Acts 20:7 shows us that the disciples in Troas met on the first day of the week to break bread and hear preaching by Paul. This was an evening worship. Apparently meeting any time on the first day of the week is just fine.
Outside of Acts, but related to people we meet in Acts, we find that the disciples in Corinth met on the first day of the week because of Paul’s statement in 1 Corinthians 16:1,2 teaching them to lay by in store on that day. He gave the same "orders" to the churches of Galatia (16:1) and Macedonia (2 Corinthians 9:2). Notice that the order was to the "churches" of Galatia, Macedonia and Corinth. It is an abuse of the passage to suggest that this was activity done at home when it was collective (church) activity being commanded.
From Jerusalem to Asia Minor the evidence is clear that Christians were meeting on the first day of the week for various reasons: to hear preaching, to break bread by honoring the Son of God and to give of their means.